Lamborghini Countach
Manufacturer:	Lamborghini
Production:	1974–1990
Successor:	Lamborghini Diablo
Class:	Supercar
Body style:	2-door coupe
Engine:	4.0 L (3929 cc) V12 5.0 L (4754 cc) V12 5.2 L (5167 cc) V12

'25th Anniversary' Countach
Production:	1988–1990
Engine:	5.2 L (5167 cc) V12
Length:	4140 mm (163 in)
Width:	2000 mm (79 in)
Height:	1070 mm (42 in)
Curb weight:	1490 kg (3285 lb)

The Lamborghini Countach was a supercar produced by Lamborghini in Italy. The first prototype emerged in 1971, and production lasted until 1990. It did not pioneer but did popularise the wedge-shaped, sharply angled look popular in many high performance cars since and is considered by many to be the quintessential supercar.

The word Countach (pronounced Koon-tahj) is an exclamation of astonishment in the local Piedmontese dialect - generally used by men on seeing an extremely beautiful woman . There is no direct translation into English. The name stuck when Nuccio Bertone, first saw "Project 112" in his studio. The prototype was introduced to the world at the 1971 Geneva Motor Show. All previous Lamborghini names were associated with bullfighting (Ferruccio Lamborghini being an aficionado of the sport).

In 2004, Sports Car International named this car number three on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1970s, and it was listed as number ten on their list of Top Sports Cars of the 1980s.

Styling

The styling was by Marcello Gandini of the Bertone design studio. Gandini was then a young, inexperienced designer—not very experienced in the practical, ergonomic aspects of automobile design, but at the same time unhindered by them. He produced a quite striking design. The Countach shape was wide and low (42.1 inches), but not very long. Its angular and wedge-shaped body was made almost entirely of flat, trapezoidal panels. There were curves, notably the smoothly coke-bottle wing line, but the overall appearance was sharp.

The doors, a Countach trademark, were of a 'scissors' fashion—hinged at the front with horizontal hinges, so that the doors lifted up and tilted forwards. This was partly for style, but just as much because the width of the car made conventional doors impossible to use in an even slightly confined space. Care needed to be taken, though, in opening the doors with a low roof overhead.

Aerodynamics, however, were quite poor for such a sleek-looking car—but looking fast was more important to Lamborghini.

Engine

The rear wheels were driven by the traditional Lamborghini V12 engine mounted longitudinally in a mid-engined configuration. For better weight distribution, the engine is actually 'backwards'; the output shaft is at the front, and the gearbox is in front of the engine, the driveshaft running back through the engine's sump to a differential at the rear. Although originally planned as a 5 L powerplant, the first production cars used the Lamborghini Miura's 4 L engine. Later advances increased the displacement to 5 L and then (in the Quattrovalvole model) 5.2 L with four valves per cylinder. The 4 liter and 5 liter engines used six Weber carbueretors, while the 5.2 liter four-valve enginer offered Bosch fuel injection.

Construction

The Countach utilised a skin of aircraft-grade aluminum over a tubular space frame, as in a racing car. This is expensive to build but is immensely strong and very light (in spite of its size, the car weighs approximately 3,300 lb). The underbody tray was fiberglass.

Countach models

Prototype LP500

A single prototype was built, the LP500 (the 500 standing for the 5 L displacement of the engine which was intended to be used). Painted bright sunflower yellow, the car was a stunner at the Geneva Motor Show in 1971. Sporting Gandini's original design concepts, the car's design needed extensive modification for production. In particular, the small air intake ducts on the car's rear shoulders proved insufficient to cool the engine, and large 'air box' scoops were added in that position. Large NACA ducts were added on the sides to give additional air. The experimental car was also constructed of aluminum honeycomb sheeting among other things, which was dropped for production.

The car no longer survives; it was sacrificed in a crash test to gain European type approval, even though its construction method was utterly unlike production vehicles.

Production LP400

The 4 L production car was first delivered to a customer in 1974. Externally, little had altered from the final form of the prototype except at the rear, where conventional lights replaced the futuristic light clusters of the prototype. The styling had become rather more aggressive than Gandini's original conception, with the required large air scoops and vents, but the overall shape was still very sleek. The original LP400 rode on the quite narrow tires of the time, but their narrowness and the slick styling meant that this version had the lowest drag coefficient of any Countach model and possibly the highest top speed.

LP400S

In 1978 a new LP400S model was introduced. This car had wider tires with glass-fibre wheel arch extensions, which gave the car the fundamental look it kept until the end. An optional V-shaped spoiler was available over the rear deck, which improved high-speed stability at the cost of at least 10 mph of top speed. Most owners ordered the wing. Dynamically, the LP400S was a better car, the wider tires making it more stable in cornering. Aesthetically, some prefer the slick lines of the original while some prefer the more aggressive lines of the later vehicles.

LP500S

1982 saw another improvement, this time giving a bigger, more powerful 5 L engine, which improved performance to be more in line with Lamborghini's somewhat exaggerated claims. The bodywork was unaltered.

LP5000QV

In 1985 the engine was improved again, bored and stroked to 5.2 L and given four valves per cylinder (quattrovalvole in Italian). The carburetors were moved from the sides to the top of the engine for better breathing - unfortunately this created a hump on the engine deck, reducing the already poor rear visibility to almost nothing. Some body panels were also replaced by Kevlar. In later versions if the engine, the carbueretors were replaced with fuel-injection.

For the first time, a US specification model was produced by the factory, with styling changes to allow bumpers to Federal standards.

Countach Anniversary

Named to honor the company's 25 year anniversary in 1988, this was mechanically very similar to the LP5000QV but sported much changed styling. The rear 'air boxes' were restyled and enlarged, and a new air dam and side skirting, both with air intakes, were fitted. The styling changes were unpopular with many, but did improve the cooling. The Anniversary was produced through 1990 when it gave way to the Lamborghini Diablo.

Wolf Countach

The most famous version of the Countach was the Wolf Countach, of which only three were produced. In 1975, wealthy Canadian businessman and owner of famous Wolf F1 Racing team in 70s, Walter Wolf purchased an LP400; however he was not satisfied with the LP400's engine and asked Dallara, the chief engineer of Lamborghini at that time and the founder of Italian f1 racing team Scuderia Italia in the early 90s, to create a special high-power version of Countach. It was the "code NO 1120148" Walter Wolf special with the original "5" engine from the Countach prototype which produced 447 hp / 7900 rpm and reached a supposed maximum speed of 315 km/h. This model was painted in red and was designated "LP500S" like the standard Countach model from 80s, from which it differed significantly. The first example produced is currently located in Japan. Two other Wolf Countach were produced, one painted blue, NO 1120202 (currently in Germany) and one navy blue, NO 1121210. (The machine was owned by Mr. Wolf for a long time, but it was eventually sold.)

Production Figures

A total of 2,042 cars were built during the Countach's sixteen year lifetime:

• 1 prototype
• 157 LP400
• 237 LP400S
• 321 LP500S
• 676 LP5000QV
• 650 25th Anniversary

Substantially more than half were built in the final five years of production, as Lamborghini's new corporate owners increased production.